You can query https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/retrieve/v1/jobs to get information on all your jobs, including their ID and status. Below code works for me.
with requests.Session() as session:
session.headers = {
"PRIVATE-TOKEN": YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY
}
r = session.get('https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/retrieve/v1/jobs')
result = r.json()
for job in result.get("jobs"):
print(job["jobID"], job["status"])
See here for more information: ECMWF APIs (FAQ, API + data documentation)